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SSN

Social Security Number (SSN): A Guide for Students in Boston

Why Do You Need an SSN? An SSN (Social Security Number) is essential for:

  • Reporting earnings: Employers in the U.S. use your SSN to report your earnings to the government.

  • Tax purposes: An SSN is required to file tax returns in the U.S.

  • Social Security benefits: Over time, your SSN links you to future benefits, like retirement or disability.

International students (F-1, M-1, or J-1 visas) who are legally allowed to work can apply for an SSN. It's important to note that just being a student in the U.S. doesn't automatically qualify you for an SSN—you must have employment authorization.

Guide to Getting an SSN

Step 1: Wait for 10 Days After Arriving in the U.S.

You can only apply for an SSN 10 days after entering the U.S. This ensures your arrival information is updated in the government’s systems.

Step 2: Secure Employment Authorization

As an international student, you must have authorization to work to qualify for an SSN. Employment can be on-campus, part of an Optional Practical Training (OPT), or a Curricular Practical Training (CPT) program.

Step 3: Gather Required Documents

To apply for an SSN, you need to present various documents that verify your identity, legal status, and eligibility to work. Here’s what you’ll need:

  1. Proof of Identity:

    • Passport with a valid U.S. visa

    • Form I-94 (Arrival/Departure Record)

  2. Proof of Employment Authorization:

    • F-1 or M-1 students: I-20 form (Certificate of Eligibility for Nonimmigrant Student Status) that shows you are allowed to work.

    • J-1 students: DS-2019 form (Certificate of Eligibility for Exchange Visitor Status).

  3. Proof of Employment (if applicable):

    • A letter from your school’s Designated School Official (DSO) or your employer verifying your job details (including employment start date).

Step 4: Apply Online or In-Person

You can start the SSN application process online through the Social Security Administration (SSA) website or visit a local SSA office in person. Here’s how you proceed:

  1. Visit the SSA Website: You can begin your SSN application online here.

  2. Submit Your Documents in Person: After starting your application online, you’ll need to visit your local Social Security office with your original documents to complete the process.
    Boston-area SSA offices you can visit include:

    • Boston SSA Office: 10 Causeway Street, Boston, MA 02222

    • Chelsea SSA Office: 80 Everett Avenue, Chelsea, MA 02150

Step 5: Pay Attention to Application Deadlines

While you can start work before receiving your SSN, your employer will need your SSN soon after you begin. Make sure to apply as soon as you are eligible.

Step 6: Receive Your SSN Card

After submitting your application, you should receive your SSN card in the mail within 1-2 weeks. It will be sent to the U.S. mailing address you provided.

Tips for New Students

  1. You Don’t Need an SSN to Start Working: Employers can hire you while your SSN application is pending, but they will need the number to report your earnings.

  2. Protect Your SSN: Once you receive your SSN, keep the card in a safe place. Avoid carrying it around unless necessary to reduce the risk of identity theft.

  3. If You Don’t Qualify for an SSN: If you're not eligible for an SSN but need a tax identification number (for example, for filing taxes), you can apply for an Individual Taxpayer Identification Number (ITIN) instead.

  4. Use of SSN Beyond Employment: Your SSN may also be used for:

    • Opening a U.S. bank account

    • Applying for loans or credit cards

    • Filing tax returns

  5. Avoid SSN Scams: Be cautious of anyone who asks for your SSN outside official contexts (such as employers, banks, or government agencies). Fraudulent attempts to steal SSNs are common.

  6. Employer Verification: Some employers may ask for your SSN as part of background checks or during the job onboarding process, so be prepared to share it securely once you receive your card.

By following this guide, you should be well-equipped to navigate the process of obtaining an SSN as a new student in Boston. An SSN is an important step toward working in the U.S. and managing other legal or financial responsibilities during your time here.